1. Hot-dip galvanizing: This involves immersing metal in molten zinc to form a coating. It offers excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical strength and is widely used in construction, bridges, and other fields.
Features: Thick coating (typically 50-150 micrometers), long service life, suitable for outdoor environments.
Process classification: There are two types: with spots (zinc crystals are visible) and without spots (uniform surface), which does not affect performance.
2. Cold galvanizing (electro-galvanizing): A zinc layer is deposited on the metal surface through electrolysis. The thickness is relatively thin (5-30 micrometers), which is suitable for occasions with high aesthetic requirements.
Advantages: Uniform coating, bright appearance, and can undergo color passivation treatment.
Limitations: Its corrosion resistance is weaker than that of hot-dip galvanizing, and it is mostly used indoors or in mildly corrosive environments.

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In terms of coating thickness, hot-dip galvanizing has a relatively thicker coating, generally reaching 80um-120um, while hot-dip zinc coating is mostly 30um-60um. This results in a difference in protective performance between the two.

The thickness of hot-dip galvanized coatings varies between 45 and 200 micrometers. 60 to 80 micrometers is sufficient for ordinary environments, while 100 micrometers or more is required in humid areas. Special industrial environments require an additional 150 micrometers for protection.

The main factors affecting the coating thickness in hot-dip galvanizing design include: the composition of the base metal, the surface roughness of the steel, the content and distribution of active elements silicon and phosphorus in the steel, the internal stress of the steel, the geometric dimensions of the workpiece, and the hot-dip galvanizing process. Current international and domestic hot-dip galvanizing standards divide the sections according to the thickness of the steel. The average thickness and local thickness of the zinc coating should reach the corresponding thickness to determine the corrosion resistance of the zinc coating. For workpieces with different steel thicknesses, the time required to reach thermal equilibrium and zinc-iron exchange equilibrium varies, resulting in different coating thicknesses. Typically, electroplated zinc layers are 5-15μm thick, while hot-dip galvanized layers are generally 35μm or thicker, and can even reach 200μm.