The heat treatment process of carbon structural steel plates usually includes annealing, normalizing and quenching.

Annealing:

During the annealing process, the steel plate is first heated to a critical temperature, held at this temperature for a while, and then cooled slowly. Control of temperature and cooling rate is crucial to produce specific tissue structures.

Normalizing:

The steel plate is heated to a critical temperature during normalizing and then air-cooled. The normalizing temperature is usually higher than the annealing temperature.

Quenching:

The steel plate is rapidly heated to a critical temperature during quenching and then rapidly cooled, usually by immersion in oil, water, or air.

Tempering:

The steel plate is heated to a lower temperature during tempering and then cooled. Control of tempering temperature and time can adjust the hardness and toughness of steel.

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