1. Welding shrinkage deformation: During the welding process, shrinkage deformation will occur due to the influence of heat input on the welded joint. This deformation usually manifests itself as a shortening of the length of the joint, a change in angle, and local deformation.
2. Welding bending deformation: During the welding process, due to the temperature gradient of the welded joint during the cooling process, the shrinkage degree of different parts is different, resulting in bending deformation of the joint. This deformation usually occurs on long strip structures, such as welded plates, pipes, etc.
3. Welding warping deformation: During the welding process, due to the different local shrinkage degrees of the welded joint, a torsional torque is generated, resulting in the warping deformation of the joint. This deformation usually occurs in thin plate welding, such as welding flat steel, thin plates, etc.
4. Welding torsional deformation: During the welding process, due to the torsional torque on the welded joint, the joint undergoes rotational deformation. This deformation usually occurs on annular structures, such as welded pipes, wheels, etc.

Welding is a common way of connecting metals, but during the welding process, due to the effect of heat, the welded parts will be deformed. This deformation will affect the quality and use of the welded parts, so it is necessary to understand and control the welding deformation.

The basic forms of welding deformation are as follows:
1. Linear deformation: Linear deformation refers to the deformation of the welded parts in the length direction during the welding process. This deformation is usually caused by the influence of thermal expansion and contraction on the welded parts. The magnitude of linear deformation is related to factors such as the length of the welded parts, welding temperature, and welding speed.
2. Angular deformation: Angular deformation refers to the deformation of the welded parts in the angular direction during the welding process. This deformation is usually caused by the influence of thermal stress on the welded parts. The magnitude of angular deformation is related to factors such as the shape of the welded parts, welding temperature, and welding speed.
3. Bending deformation: Bending deformation refers to the bending deformation of the welded parts during the welding process. This deformation is usually caused by uneven thermal stress on the welded parts. The magnitude of bending deformation is related to factors such as the shape of the welded parts, welding temperature, and welding speed.
4. Distortion: Distortion refers to the distortion of welded parts during welding. This deformation is usually caused by uneven thermal stress and torque during welding. The magnitude of distortion is related to factors such as the shape of welded parts, welding temperature, welding speed, and welding position.

In order to control welding deformation, the following measures can be taken:
1. Select the appropriate welding process and welding parameters, and control welding temperature and welding speed.
2. Use preheating and post-heat treatment measures to reduce the thermal stress of welded parts.
3. Use auxiliary devices such as clamps and supports to fix welded parts and reduce deformation.
4. Use compensation welding and other technologies to compensate for welding deformation.

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