1. Different silicon contents: non-oriented silicon steel sheets contain 0.5%-3.0% silicon, and oriented silicon steel sheets contain more than 3.0% silicon.
2. Different production processes: Non-oriented silicon steel sheets have relatively lower process requirements than oriented silicon steel sheets. Compared with cold-rolled non-oriented silicon steel, oriented silicon steel has much lower loss than non-oriented silicon steel, and its magnetism has strong directionality; excellent high magnetic permeability and low loss characteristics in the rolling direction where magnetization is easy. The iron loss of the oriented steel strip in the rolling direction is only 1/3 of the transverse direction, and the magnetic permeability ratio is 6:1. Its iron loss is about 1/2 of the hot-rolled strip, and the magnetic permeability is 2.5 times that of the latter.
3. The structure of the grains is different: the grains of oriented silicon steel are arranged in an orderly manner, while the grains of non-oriented silicon steel are arranged in a disordered manner. Non-oriented silicon steel is mainly used in the stators and rotors of motors, compressors, large hydroelectric generators and other equipment. Oriented silicon steel is generally used in transformer cores and some motors. Generators and transformers have the same requirements for silicon steel sheets: low iron loss, good magnetization characteristics, high lamination coefficient, etc. However, transformers generally use oriented silicon steel sheets. Non-oriented silicon steel sheets for generators.
4. Different performance and uses: Due to the different performance characteristics of the two, there are differences in the direction of use: the main use of cold-rolled non-oriented silicon steel sheets is for generator manufacturing, so it is also called cold-rolled motor silicon steel. The main use of cold-rolled oriented silicon steel strip is for transformer manufacturing, so it is also called cold-rolled transformer silicon steel.
Cold-rolled silicon steel strips are divided into two types: grain-non-oriented and grain-oriented steel strips.
Grain-non-oriented cold-rolled strip is usually used as the core of motors or welding transformers; grain-oriented cold-rolled strip is used as the core of power transformers, pulse transformers, magnetic amplifiers, etc. Cold-rolled oriented thin silicon steel strip is made from 0.30 or 0.35mm thick oriented silicon steel strip, which is then pickled, cold rolled and annealed.
The cold-rolled non-oriented silicon steel sheet is made by hot-rolling the billet or continuous casting billet into a coil with a thickness of about 2.3mm. Cold-rolled electrical steel strip has the characteristics of smooth surface, uniform thickness, high stacking coefficient, and good punching performance. It has higher magnetic induction and lower iron loss than hot-rolled electrical steel strip.
Using cold strip instead of hot-rolled strip to manufacture motors or transformers can reduce the weight and volume by 0%-25%. If cold-rolled oriented strip is used, the performance will be better. Using it instead of hot-rolled strip or low-grade cold-rolled strip can reduce the power consumption of the transformer by 45%-50%, and the transformer performance will be more reliable.

1. Different properties
Grain-oriented silicon steel: Grain-oriented silicon steel, also known as cold-rolled transformer steel, is an important ferrosilicon alloy used in the transformer (core) manufacturing industry.
Non-oriented silicon steel: Non-oriented silicon steel is a ferrosilicon alloy with very low carbon content. Its grains are randomly oriented in the deformed and annealed steel plate.
2. Different characteristics
Grain-oriented silicon steel: The magnetism of grain-oriented silicon steel has strong directionality, with the lowest iron loss value in the rolling direction, the highest magnetic permeability and high magnetic induction value under a certain magnetizing field. The silicon content of oriented silicon steel is about 3%, and the steel is required to have low oxide inclusion content and must contain some kind of inhibitor (MnS, A1N).
Non-oriented silicon steel: Non-oriented silicon steel is a ferrosilicon alloy containing 0.8%-4.8% silicon. It is hot and cold rolled into silicon steel sheets with a thickness of less than 1mm. Adding silicon increases the resistivity and maximum magnetic permeability of iron, reducing coercive force, core loss (iron loss) and magnetic aging.
3. Different production processes
Grain-oriented silicon steel: Grain-oriented silicon steel is smelted in an oxygen converter. The billet undergoes hot rolling, normalization, cold rolling, intermediate annealing and secondary cold rolling to the finished thickness, and then undergoes decarburization annealing and high-temperature annealing, and is finally coated with an insulating layer.
Non-oriented silicon steel: pre-desulfurization of molten iron, secondary desulfurization by adding Ca0+CaF: flux or rare earth elements and calcium during converter blowing. The boiling molten steel is decarburized by vacuum treatment and then further desulfurized. Ferrosilicon with low titanium and zirconium content is selected for alloying.

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