Fracture caused by external loads
Steel fracture caused by external loads mainly occurs when the stress on the structure exceeds its yield limit. For example, large structures such as bridges and high-rise buildings may develop fatigue cracks and then fracture under the long-term external loads such as wind, snow, and vehicles. In addition, excessive plastic deformation, external impact, earthquakes, etc., can also cause steel fracture.

Fracture caused by defects in the material itself or environmental factors
Steel itself may have defects such as pores, slag inclusions, cracks, etc., which will expand under the action of stress concentration and eventually lead to fracture. In addition, environmental factors such as temperature changes and corrosive media can also affect the performance of steel and make it prone to fracture. For example, steel that has been in a humid environment for a long time is prone to corrosion, resulting in a decrease in its bearing capacity and eventually causing fracture.

The main components of steel are iron and carbon, but different types of steel also contain some other elements, such as manganese, silicon, etc. The content of these elements and the heat treatment method of steel will affect the properties of steel, and then affect its durability and tensile strength. A certain amount of one or more alloying elements must be added during the smelting of steel. After the material is formed, a simple heat treatment can be performed to obtain different microstructures, thereby changing the original properties of the steel; If the carbon content of steel is too high or the treatment method is improper, it will cause it to break easily.

The production process of steel will also affect its properties. If the temperature, cooling rate and other factors in the production process are not properly controlled, defects will occur inside the steel, making it easy to break. In addition, if there are defects or unevenness on the surface of the steel, it will also affect its service life and safety.


Because the defects generated during steelmaking and casting, especially concentrated defects (such as pores, inclusions, etc.) are extremely sensitive during rolling, and different changes occur between different furnaces of steel with the same chemical composition, and even in different parts of the same billet, thus affecting the quality of the steel.

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